How can the “most” appropriate model be estimated and selected from the tentative models identified? First, estimate all the tentative models and select the most appropriate using these criteria. Choose the model having (1) most significant coefficients (2) least volatility (3) highest adjusted R-squared (4) lowest AIC/SIC. Since, ARMA/ARIMA is a method among several used in forecasting variables, the tools required for identification are: correlogram, autocorrelation function and partial autocorrelation function. The partial autocorrelation (PAC) measures correlation between (time series) observations that are k time periods apart after controlling for correlations at intermediate lags (i.e., lags less than k). In other words, partial autocorrelation is the correlation between Yt and Yt−k after removing the effect of the intermediate Y’s (measures the marginal impact). To identify the appropriate ARMA/ARIMA model, I have outlines 5 procedures: (1) plot the series to visualise if stationary or not; (2) from the correlogram, calculate the ACF and PACF of the raw data. Check whether the series is stationary or not. If the series is stationary go to step 4, if not go to step 3; (3) take the first differences of the raw data and calculate the ACF and PACF from the correlogram; (4) visualise the graphs of the ACF and PACF and determine which models would be good starting points; and (5) estimate those models. Using Stata13, this video shows you how to estimate and select the “most” appropriate ARMA/ARIMA model. The link to the dataset used is shown in the video.
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