The Medieval Kingdom that was Erased from History

Grab Atlas VPN for just $1.83/mo +3 months extra before the SUMMER DEAL expires: https://get.atlasvpn.com/Cambrian The medieval era is full of mysterious events, occurrences, and places, with sometimes even entire kingdoms becoming entirely shrouded in the unknown. We will be examining one of these kingdoms today, Pengwern, whose impact on both the history of Wales and the history of England has seemingly only been slight, with this Welsh kingdom's base on the Wrekin in Shropshire, its only known king, Cynddylan, seems to have succeeded in only antagonising his English neighbours of Mercia and Northumbria. However, the fascinating Welsh history of this realm has largely eluded us for the past 1000 years, and today I'd like to present that to you, so we can see how Welsh history and English history can collide to create a both a fascinating story, and a tragedy of a kingdom erased from medieval history. Chapters: 0:00 - Introduction 1:43 - Amwythig 4:26 - Caught in the Web 10:27 - Pengwern Ablaze 13:19 - The City of Virocon 17:18 - Know Your Enemy 20:48 - Powys 24:01 - The Cornovii 26:54 - The Usurper 32:00 - Pengwern Sources (turn captions on): [1] Aneurin (1829). Mediolanum. The Cambrian Quarterly, 1(1), pp.48–52. Bartrum, P.C. (1993). A Welsh Classical Dictionary : People in History and Legend up to about A.D. 1000. The National Library of Wales, [2] pp.191-193, [3] 195-196, [4] 411, [5] 613-614. Charles-Edwards, T. (2013). Wales and the Britons, 350-1064. Oxford: OUP, [6] pp.16, [7] 425–427, [8] 674. Davies, J. (2007). A History of Wales. London: Penguin, [9] pp.61-62, [10] 75, [11] 82. [12] Higham, N. (2005). King Arthur: Myth-Making and History. Taylor & Francis, pp.177–179. [13] Jesus College Oxford. About Jesus College/History/Libraries and Archives/ Manuscripts. [online] jesus.ox.ac.uk. Available at: https://www.jesus.ox.ac.uk/about-jesus-college/history/libraries-and-archives/manuscripts/. [14] Morris, L. (1878). Celtic Remains. Archaeologia Cambrensis, p.16. [15] Maund, K. (2006). The Welsh Kings. 3rd ed. The History Press Ltd, pp.35-44. [16] Newman, J. (2006). Shropshire. Yale University Press, pp.135–136. [17] Richards, M. (1973). The ‘Lichfield’ Gospels (Book of 'St Chad). The National Library of Wales Journal, 18(1), pp.135–148. [18] Roberts, J.A. (1897). Notices of books. Bye-Gones, p.34. [19] Stephens, T. (1864). Llywarch Hen and Uriconium. Archaeologia Cambrensis, 10, 3rd Series(1), pp.62–74. [20] Stephenson, D. (2016). Medieval Powys: Kingdom, Principality and Lordships, 1132-1293. Boydell Press, pp.53, 105, 289. [21] Thomas (1907). The Ordovices and Ancient Powys. Collections, historical & archaeological relating to Montgomeryshire, 34(1), pp.129–145. [22] Thornton, D.E. (2004). Cynddylan ap Cyndrwyn (fl. c. 616–c. 641), king in Wales. Oxford dictionary of national biography. [23] Thorpe, L. (1978). Gerald of Wales: The Journey Through Wales and The Description of Wales. Penguin Books, p.139. [24] Williams, G. (1998). Sir Gruffydd Fychan (?-1447). Montgomeryshire collections relating to Montgomeryshire and its borders., 86, p.19. Music by © Chris Zabriskie - CC BY-SA 4.0 https://chriszabriskie.bandcamp.com : Rewound CGI Snake What Does Anybody Know About Anything Other music courtesy of the YouTube Audio Library: Fortress Europe - Dan Bodan Miniscule Planet - JAde Wii Dream Escape - The Tides Ammil - The Tides Underwater Exploration - Godmode On the Island - Godmode Day Sparkles - Geographer Two Moons - Bobby Richards Dolphin-esque - Godmode Images, in order of appearance: Llys Rhosyr - Chris Andrews, CC BY-SA 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/, via Wikimedia Commons Cross at Heavenfield - David Dixon, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons All other images are public domain, sourced from the National Library of Wales, the Yale Center for British Art, the British Library, and the Rijksmuseum