Stationary (Standing) Waves in Closed and Open Tubes | A-level Physics

We discuss longitudinal stationary sound waves in closed and open tubes (air columns). With the help of a simulation, we discuss their formation, key features, the formulae for frequencies of harmonics, and the differences between closed and open tubes. https://www.youtube.com/@ForestLearn?sub_confirmation=1 We are grateful to Walter Fendt for the simulation (and some images) used in the video: https://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/standinglongitudinalwaves_en.htm https://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/index.html You can learn more about these concepts and the physics of wind instruments in the following: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MICCl0ke058 https://newt.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/woodwind.html