Skull Bones: Viscerocranium (Facial Skeleton + Hyoid Bone)

Content: 0:00 Introduction 00:57 Bones of the Skull 01:23 Viscerocranium 01:38 Maxilla 08:17 Zygomatic Bone 10:01 Palatine Bone 13:00 Lacrimal Bone 13:53 Nasal Bone 14:43 Inferior Nasal Concha 15:16 Vomer 15:41 Mandible 20:55 Hyoid Bone 🫀Help make more free lectures: youtube.com/channel/UCEr7pkSXVsHcBLLBcJAGV-Q/join 📲Other Links: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/taimtalksmed/ Discord: https://discord.com/invite/DENMUpS8ey This video is about the viscerocranium. Bones of the skull: • Neurocranium – surrounds the brain • Viscerocranium – forms the facial skeleton Bones included in the viscerocranium: • Maxilla (maxilla) – paired • Zygomatic bone (os zygomaticum) – paired • Palatine bone (os palatinum) – paired • Nasal bone (os nasale) – paired • Lacrimal bone (os lacrimale) – paired • Inferior nasal concha (concha nasalis inferior) – paired • Vomer (vomer) – unpaired • Mandible (mandibula) – unpaired • Hyoid bone (os hyoideum) – unpaired Maxilla: • Body (corpus maxillae) • Maxillary sinus (sinus maxillaris) • Frontal process • Zygomatic process (processus zygomaticus maxillae) • Alveolar process (processus alveolaris) • Palatine process (processus palatinus) • Infraorbital margin • Infraorbital groove (sulcus infraorbitalis) • Infraorbital canal (canalis infraorbitalis) • Infraorbital foramen (foramen infraorbitale) • Canine fossa (fossa canina) • Canine eminence (eminentia canina) • Nasal notch (incisura nasalis) • Maxillary tuberosity (tuber maxillae) • Alveolar foramina (foramina alveolaria) • Nasal crest (crista nasalis) • Conchal crest (crista conchalis) • Ethmoidal crest (crista ethmoidalis) • Lacrimal notch (incisura lacrimalis) • Lacrimal groove (sulcus lacrimalis) • Greater palatine groove (sulcus palatinus major) • Dental alveoli (alveoli dentales maxillae) • Interalveolar septa (septa interalveolaria) • Interradicular septa (septa interradicularia) • Palatine grooves (sulci palatini) • Incisive canal (canalis incisivus) Zygomatic bone: • Frontal process (processus frontalis ossis zygomatici) • Temporal process (processus temporalis ossis zygomatici) • Orbital surface (facies orbitalis) • Zygomaticofacial foramen (foramen zygomaticofaciale) • Zygomaticotemporal foramen (foramen zygomaticotemporale) • Zygomaticoorbital foramina (foramina zygomaticoorbitalia) • Zygomatic arch (arcus zygomaticus) Palatine bone: • Horizontal plate (lamina horizontalis) • Perpendicular plate (lamina perpendicularis) • Pyramidal process (processus pyramidalis) • Sphenoidal process (processus sphenoidalis) • Orbital process (processus orbitalis) • Nasal surface (facies nasalis) • Palatine surface (facies palatina) • Maxillary surface (facies maxillaris) • Nasal crest (crista nasalis) • Conchal crest (crista conchalis) • Ethmoidal crest (crista ethmoidalis) • Sphenopalatine notch (incisura sphenopalatina) • Greater palatine groove (sulcus palatinus major) • Greater palatine canal (canalis palatinus major) • Lesser palatine foramina (foramina palatina minora) • Greater palatine foramen (foramen palatinum majus) Lacrimal bone: • Lacrimal groove (sulcus lacrimalis) • Lacrimal fossa (fossa sacci lacrimalis) Nasal bone: • Internasal suture (sutura internasalis) • Frontonasal suture (sutura frontonasalis) • Nasal foramen (foramen nasale) • Ethmoidal groove (sulcus ethmoidalis) Inferior nasal concha (concha nasalis inferior): • Separate bone, distinct from ethmoid conchae • Increases nasal surface area • Aids in humidification and filtration of air Vomer: • Posterior part of nasal septum • Articulates with: – Perpendicular plate of ethmoid (lamina perpendicularis ossis ethmoidalis) – Maxilla – Palatine bone – Sphenoid bone Mandible: • Body (corpus mandibulae) • Ramus (ramus mandibulae) • Angle (angulus mandibulae) • Coronoid process (processus coronoideus) • Condylar process (processus condylaris) • Head of mandible (caput mandibulae) • Neck of mandible (collum mandibulae) • Mandibular notch (incisura mandibulae) • Fovea for lateral pterygoid (fovea pterygoidea) • Mental foramen (foramen mentale) • Alveolar part (pars alveolaris mandibulae) • Mental protuberance (protuberantia mentalis) • Mental tubercles (tubercula mentalia) • Oblique line • Mandibular symphysis (symphysis mandibulae) • Superior mental spines (spinae mentales superiores) • Inferior mental spines (spinae mentales inferiores) • Mylohyoid line • Sublingual fossa (fovea sublingualis) • Submandibular fossa (fovea submandibularis) • Mylohyoid groove (sulcus mylohyoideus) • Mandibular foramen (foramen mandibulae) • Mandibular canal (canalis mandibulae) • Digastric fossa (fossa digastrica) Hyoid bone (os hyoideum): • Body (corpus ossis hyoidei) • Greater horns (cornua majora) • Lesser horns (cornua minora) Sources: Standring S. (2020). Gray's Anatomy, 42nd ed. Tubbs RS, Shoja MM, Loukas M. (2016). Bergman's Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation. White TD, Folkens PA. (2005). The Human Bone Manual. Programs: Complete Anatomy, Biorender, Powerpoint