This is the second lecture in a series of senior level undergraduate lectures on group dynamics that I created and have been teaching for many years. This lecture introduces how groups are studied from a scientific perspective and covers how that has led to the wealth of knowledge that we have about group behavior. We'll explore how researchers observe group behavior and how they collect data to make claims about how groups work. Keep in mind though that there is also a lot of good non method stuff sprinkled in here as well as we explore what these methods have uncovered. This lecture was edited to remove personal information and student questions (I do not have permission from students to include their responses in a published forum).