An unusually strong earthquake swarm is occurring at an active volcano in Greece, and this is seemingly occurring alongside bursts of volcanic tremor which may indicate the movement of magma. This is occurring at Greece's Kolumbo volcano, which is located directly northeast of the famed island of Santorini. So, what exactly is happening at this submarine volcano, what happened during its deadly 1650 eruption, and what might happen next? Today's video will discuss the unfolding situation from the perspective of a geologist.
Update: No magma movement is actually occurring. The initial suggestion I made was incorrect.
Thumbnail Photo Credit: This work "Santorini9", is a derivative of a photo (resized, cropped, increased image's original temperature, text overlay, GeologyHub made graphics (the image border & the GeologyHub logo)) from "IMG_6194", by: Eliza Antoniszyna, inles, 2013, Posted on Flickr, Flickr account link: https://www.flickr.com/photos/inles, Photo link: https://www.flickr.com/photos/inles/9201883575, CC BY 2.0. "Santorini9" is used & licensed under CC BY 2.0 by Youtube.com/GeologyHub
Note: This video's thumbnail image displays a portion of the nearby Santorini volcano (which includes Santorini Island).
Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers
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Sources/Citations:
[1] Chrapkiewicz, K., Paulatto, M., Heath, B. A., Hooft, E. E. E., Nomikou, P., Papazachos, C. B., et al. (2022). Magma chamber detected beneath an arc volcano with full-waveform inversion of active-source seismic data. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 23, e2022GC010475. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010475, CC BY 4.0
[2] Konstantinou, K.I. Magma chamber evolution during the 1650 AD Kolumbo eruption provides clues about past and future volcanic activity. Sci Rep 10, 15423 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71991-y, CC BY 4.0
[3] U.S. Geological Survey
[4] Nomikou, Paraskevi, Steven Carey, Katherine L.Croff Bell, Dimitros Papanikolaou, Konstantina Bejelou, Matina Alexandri, Kat Cantner, and Julie Fero Martin. "Morphological analysis and related volcanic features of the Kolumbo submarine volcanic chain (NE of Santorini Island, Aegean Volcanic Arc)." Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 57, (2013). doi: 10.1127/0372-8854/2013/S-00142.
[5] Karstens, J., Crutchley, G.J., Hansteen, T.H. et al. Cascading events during the 1650 tsunamigenic eruption of Kolumbo volcano. Nat Commun 14, 6606 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42261-y, CC BY 4.0.
[6] Fuller, Sarah & Carey, Steven & Nomikou, Paraskevi. (2018). Distribution of fine-grained tephra from the 1650 CE submarine eruption of Kolumbo volcano, Greece. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 352. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.01.004.
[7] Nomikou, P. et al. Post-eruptive flooding of Santorini caldera and implications for tsunami generation. Nat. Commun. 7, 13332 doi: 10.1038/ncomms13332 (2016). CC BY 4.0.
[8] VEIs, dates/years, composition, tephra layer name, DRE estimates, and bulk tephra volume estimates for volcanic eruptions shown in this video which were assigned a VEI 4 or larger are sourced from the LaMEVE database (British Geological Survey © UKRI), https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/view/controller.cfc?method=lameve, Used with Permission
[9] Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87(C2), 1231–1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read by Youtube.com/GeologyHub on Oct 5th, 2022.
[10] Sin-Mei Wu, Hsin-Hua Huang, Fan-Chi Lin, Jamie Farrell, Brandon Schmandt, Extreme seismic anisotropy indicates shallow accumulation of magmatic sills beneath Yellowstone caldera, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 616, 2023, 118244, ISSN 0012-821X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118244. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X23002571), CC BY 4.0
0:00 Greece Volcanic Unrest
0:35 Earthquake Swarm
1:04 Kolumbo Volcano
1:25 Santorini Volcano
2:30 1650 VEI 5 Eruption (Kolumbo)
2:59 Analysis
4:58 Volcano Unrest Scale