In Fall 2020 and Spring 2021, this was MIT's 18.337J/6.338J: Parallel Computing and Scientific Machine Learning course. Now these lectures and notes serve as a standalone book resource.
https://github.com/SciML/SciMLBook
Chris Rackauckas, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Additional information on these topics can be found at:
https://sciml.ai/ and other Julia programming language sites
Many of these descriptions originated on https://www.stochasticlifestyle.com/