Every Time Things Have Evolved Into Turtles

Throughout the history of life, convergent evolution has resulted in all sorts of creatures evolving to look very similar to one another. One of the most interesting examples is the case of the repeatedly evolving turtles - the Placodonts, the Saurosphargids, the Glyptodonts, and even the Ankylosaurs. Join our Discord server: https://discord.gg/jTsGYtRBHZ Support us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/bengthomas Follow us on Instagram: http://bit.ly/1PIEagv Music by Geographer Subscribe to explore the wonderful life around you! Social Media: ►Twitter: https://twitter.com/BenGThomas42 ►Instagram: http://bit.ly/1PIEagv ►Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/BenGThomas Sources: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/120/3/281/2684352 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s001140100228 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14472 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0419-1 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0371 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-46762-z https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07533 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.261.5129.1716 https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1175128 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1983.10011953 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257701430_Proganochelys_ruchae_n_sp_Chelonien_du_Trias_superieur_de_Thailande https://sjpp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13358-022-00260-4 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2016.1223685?journalCode=ujvp20 https://www.amazon.com/Ancient-Sea-Reptiles-Plesiosaurs-ichthyosaurs/dp/056509534X https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2011.550368 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-04514-x https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12583-012-0231-z https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/abs/new-species-of-largocephalosaurus-diapsida-saurosphargidae-with-implications-for-the-morphological-diversity-and-phylogeny-of-the-group/02DC9563ADF2E5C2E6EB11285E6D29EA https://elifesciences.org/articles/83163 https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2633 https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/185/3/910/5236993 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joa.12162 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2451.2004.00470.x https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14772019.2018.1535455?journalCode=tjsp20 https://archive.org/details/cranialanatomyof45riep https://archive.org/details/dermalarmorofcya46riep https://bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-021-01835-4 https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)00121-4?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982216001214%3Fshowall%3Dtrue https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02988404 https://www.amazon.com/Princeton-Field-Prehistoric-Mammals-Guides/dp/0691156824 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-98449-0_6 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2009.1144 https://www.amazon.com/Dinosaurs-Concise-Natural-David-Fastovsky/dp/1108469299/ref=pd_lpo_sccl_1/262-3498201-7548924?pd_rd_w=vaxH9&content-id=amzn1.sym.efc89c20-c5a9-4620-b6cd-2f4e51bac956&pf_rd_p=efc89c20-c5a9-4620-b6cd-2f4e51bac956&pf_rd_r=Q5WQHGM9JZJNC8G6Q4S3&pd_rd_wg=xI0DT&pd_rd_r=22f586ec-5678-424f-9441-2712564118f2&pd_rd_i=1108469299&psc=1 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.20194 https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/ChhQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3MjAyMzA4MDYSDWpzZHoyMDE2MDIwMDEaCG9qajI0c2dw 0:00 - Introduction 1:03 - Turtle Evolution 9:10 - The Saurosphargids 15:30 - The Placodonts 21:41 - The Glyptodonts 23:59 - The Ankylosaurs