Before Pangea: The Supercontinents

Long ago, the Earth's seven continents were assembled in a giant, sprawling supercontinent known as Pangea. You may've heard of it, but what is often less talked about is what came before Pangea. Our planet's current continental chunks have been smashing together and separating for over four billion years, and there have been more than a few "supercontinents" during that time. Those lost lands take the stage in this video, as we wind the clock back to the age of the supercontinents before Pangea. This one has been in the pipeline for many months. It is slightly different to the usual astronomy content but I hope you will all enjoy it just the same. Join my Discord Server: https://discord.com/invite/sea Merchandise: https://the-sea-store.creator-spring.com You can now support the channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/sea_media Patrons get ad-free access to videos, and also get early access sneak peaks! BACKGROUND MUSIC: (In order of appearance) - Meanwhile | Scott Buckley: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/library/meanwhile/ - Ambient Cave | Storyblocks - Everyone Parts with Everything Eventually | CO.AG Music: https://youtu.be/obyY4n352to?si=eY6KSlBPlWEXcRH8 - Dream a Silent Journey | Storyblocks - Ambient Strings and Solo Cello for Meditation | Storyblocks - Lost in Place | Storyblocks - Time Drift | CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tQiFbOhHBY&t - The Disappearance | CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLjXuckODT8 - Lost at Sea | Storyblocks - Ascension | Storyblocks CO.AG Music's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic Scott Buckley’s track can be found on his website – released under CC-BY 4.0. www.scottbuckley.com.au FOOTAGE: The space scenes in this video were captured using SpaceEngine Pro, a virtual universe simulator: http://spaceengine.org/ Get SpaceEngine on Steam: https://store.steampowered.com/app/314650/SpaceEngine/ Tectonic Observatory Subduction Animation: https://youtu.be/loFxYSHxTf0?si=GX8YkTZq7HR0gSLM Gondwana Rupturing Video: Scotese, C.R., & van der Pluijm, B., 2020. Deconstructing Tectonics: Ten Animated Explorations, "Continental Breakup, Ocean Ridges, and Fracture Zones", Earth and Space Science, 7, e2019EA000989. https://doi. org/10.1029/2019EA000989 Pangaea Proxima Video: Scotese, C.R., 2013. Future Plate Tectonics and Pangea Proxima, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRVkB2daFjM Numerous sequences and high-resolution images were provided by NASA to the public domain https://www.nasa.gov Multiple graphic sequences were provided by Storyblocks, a stock media site: https://www.storyblocks.com Some scenes were downloaded from Vecteezy, for which a Pro Licence Holder is held: https://www.vecteezy.com/members/sea-media-stock SOURCES OF INFORMATION: Prof. John Rogers Research Profile: https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/John-J-W-Rogers-73575721 Supercontinents, Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/science/supercontinent Rogers J.J.W. (1996) "A History of Continents in the past Three Billion Years" https://www.jstor.org/stable/30068065 Cheney, E.S. (1996) "Sequence Stratigraphy and Plate Tectonic Significance of the Transvaal Succession of Southern Africa and its Equivalent in Western Australia" https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0301926895000852 "The Possible Supercontinent Kenorland": https://www.thearmchairexplorer.com/geology/kenorland.php Rogers J.J.W, Santosh M (2002) "Configuration of Columbia, a Mesoproterozoic Supercontinent" https://web.archive.org/web/20150203145852/http://szczepan.ct8.pl/teksty/seminar/3.pdf Williams, N.M.W. (2013) "The Boring Billion? Lid Tectonics, Continental Growth and Environmental Change Associated with the Supercontinent Columbia" https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/504020/1/1-s2.0-S1674987113000807-main.pdf Rodinia Profile, Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/place/Rodinia Rodinia Mineral Underdensities Discovery: https://carnegiescience.edu/news/one-supercontinents-different-others-its-rodinia Pangaea Background, Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/place/Pangea Future Supercontinents: https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidbressan/2021/01/25/study-shows-what-earths-future-supercontinent-will-look-like/ CHAPTERS: 0:00 The Supercontinent Cycle 2:53 Plate Tectonics & Forming Land 5:57 Cratons 8:35 Vaalbara 10:48 Ur 14:03 Kenorland 17:52 Arctica / Atlantica / Nena 20:46 Columbia (a.k.a. "Nuna") 23:35 Rodinia 29:05 Gondwana / Laurasia 31:22 Pangea 34:13 Pangea Proxima? Business Enquiries: [email protected]